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- 2026-03-17 23:19:11
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- Eybelis can be prescribed at general hospitals
- by Eo, Yun-Ho Aug 11, 2021 05:58am
- The new glaucoma treatment ‘Eybelis’ that has been released can now be prescribed at general hospitals in Korea. According to industry sources, Santen Pharmaceutical Korea’s selective EP2 receptor Eybelis Ophthalmic Solution (Omidenepag Isopropyl) has recently passed the review of drug committees (DC) in two of the ‘Big 5’ major hospitals in Korea - the Seoul National University Hospital and the Samsung Medical Center. Eybelis is a treatment for open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension that contains the active pharmaceutical ingredient omidenepag isopropyl, which has a non-prostaglandin structure that lowers intraocular pressure with a new mechanism of action. Omidenepag Isopropyl is a receptor agonist that selectively works on EP2, a type of prostanoid receptor. The omidenepag ingredient reduces intraocular pressure by binding to the EP2 receptor and improving drainage of uveoscleral and trabecular outflow. Eybelis has the benefit of not developing cosmetic side effects such as prostaglandin-associated periorbitopathy (PAP), which includes upper eyelid ptosis, hyperpigmentation of the skin, elongation of eyelashes, and changes in iris color that occur with the long-term use of FP receptor antagonists that are most commonly used as first-line treatment. Also, the company explained that in glaucoma patients that require long-term treatment, Eybelis has the advantage of providing a superior intraocular pressure-lowering effect while improving the development of cosmetic side effects compared to existing treatments with a convenient, once-daily administration as a monotherapy. Eybelis has been listed for insurance benefit in Korea at a price cap of ₩13,628 since February.
- Company
- Changes after Pfizer and Moderna vaccines' full approval
- by Aug 11, 2021 05:58am
- Expectations are rising that COVID-19 vaccines of multinational pharmaceutical companies such as Pfizer-BioNTech and Moderna will receive full regulatory approval early next month. If the vaccines are formally approved, what changes will we see in the current landscape where people worldwide are already receiving vaccinations under the EUA? Pfizer and Moderna’s COVID-19 vaccines are the most widely used vaccines around the globe. Both have received the Emergency Use Authorization (EMA) from the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in December last year. Janssen’s vaccine also received the EUA approval in February this year. However, no COVID-19 vaccine has been formally approved after submitting a Biologic License Application (BLA) to the FDA. Among the three EUA-issued vaccines, Pfizer and Moderna have been taking steps for the full regulatory approval of their drugs since May and June, respectively. EUA is granted when no preventive therapies or treatments are currently available, and a product in development is known to be effective or has potential benefits that outweigh the known and potential risks. However, the EUA only remains effective during a public health emergency. In other words, when the government lifts the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic, vaccines that are not fully approved cannot be used for vaccination. A company seeking a BLA for its product must demonstrate that the product is “safe, pure, and potent,” which generally means completing robust, well-controlled clinical trials. Unlike EUAs, the procedure requires extensive paperwork, which takes months to review. Unlike EUAs that only require a minimum of two months’ worth of follow-up data, the full approval requires at least six months of follow-up data. In addition, the regulatory authorities require more detailed CMC data in the manufacturing process and quality control in a BLA submission. Simply put, the full approval process with a BLA requires an average of ten times more data than the EUA submission. Nevertheless, perks do exist for receiving full regulatory approval. If one vaccine receives full approval, it can enjoy exclusivity. The EUA system is operated under the premise that there are no adequate or available vaccines, therefore, with a rollout of qualified, fully approved vaccines, the FDA will not be able to issue EUAs to latecomer vaccines. The fully approved vaccines can also be considered for off-label prescriptions. Physicians, under their own discretion, may choose to prescribe vaccines off-label to subjects that are not indicated under the EUA, such as adolescents under the age of 12. Also, the fully approved vaccines can be used regardless of the pandemic period, and if Pfizer and Moderna have a fully approved vaccine, the companies will have an easier time receiving approval for their booster shots that are in development. In particular, a full approval by the FDA may greatly influence approvals and reviews in other countries. Also, from the health authorities’ perspective, a fully approved vaccine can improve a nation’s vaccination rate, as the ‘full stamp of approval’ works as grounds for persuading some portion of the public that were reluctant in receiving vaccinations due to concerns over side effects. Also, vaccination cannot be mandated under EUA, but if a vaccine is fully approved, it will speed up mandating vaccines in companies, schools, and government agencies. For these reasons, the US FDA is speeding up its review process to fully approve the first COVID-19 vaccine in early September. The FDA is comprehensively reviewing the COVID-19 vaccines’ real-world data such as the efficacy, immune response, reduction over time, new infections in clinical trial participants, etc., as well as factory inspection data for the BLA. The authorities are also reviewing the use of booster shots on whom and when the booster shots are needed, and what vaccines may be used as booster shots. An official from the Korea Biotechnology Industry Organization explained, “The full approval may bring various ripple effects in terms of increasing the vaccination rate and market expansion. That is why pharmaceutical companies spend the additional cost and time to seek full approval and why the Biden administration supports BLA submissions."
- Company
- Reimbursement for Kymriah will be deliberated by CDRC
- by Eo, Yun-Ho Aug 10, 2021 05:54am
- The discussions on listing the ultra-high-priced, one-shot treatment ‘Kymriah’ for health insurance benefits will begin. According to industry sources, Novartis Korea’s first-in-class CAR-T (chimeric antigen receptor-T) treatment will be put as an agenda for deliberation in September at Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service’s Cancer Disease Review Committee (CDRC) meeting. Kymriah, which was approved in March in Korea, used the ‘approval-benefit appraisal linkage system’ to promptly apply for insurance benefits. However, the agenda was not put up for deliberation by the Cancer Disease Review Committee last month, which gave rise to harsh criticism from the Korea Leukemia Patients Organization (KLPO) to the government and Novartis on the delay in reimbursement. Kymriah will be put as an agenda for deliberation at the next CDRC meeting, but what the results will be is difficult to predict. With a single shot of the drug costing 500 million won, whether the agreement can be reached smoothly between the government and the pharmaceutical company remains unclear. However, if Kymriah is listed for insurance benefits, the drug is expected to be quickly prescribed at hospitals. Among the ‘Big-5’ tertiary hospitals of Korea, Seoul National University Hospital (SNUH), Asan Medical Center (AMC), Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, Samsung Medical Center (SMC), and Severance Hospital are in the process of acquiring the ‘human cell management business approval’ from the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) already obtained approval. As such, hospitals have been rapidly preparing the environment to prescribe Kymriah. In the Seoul National University Hospital, Kymriah (tisagenlecleucel) passed the drug committee (DC) review in April, and the drug is also expected to land in Samsung Medical Center in May. Kymriah developer Novartis has allowed general hospitals to receive payment for the ancillary costs by establishing Kymriah centers in their institutions. SMC and SNUH will open their Kymriah centers in May, and other tertiary hospitals are expected to follow. To establish the center, hospitals are first required to receive a permit for the human cell management business under the newly implemented ‘Advance Regenerative Bio Act.’ CAR-T therapy takes a different approach in its method of treatment. Unlike conventional drugs that are produced as finished products, for CAR-T, the hospital first collects T cells from the patient's white blood cells, then freezes and sends them to a manufacturing facility. At the facility, the T cells are genetically engineered to express the chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that allow the T cells to recognize tumor cells, cultivated, then sent back to the hospital. In other words, after the hospital sends the raw material (patient’s T cells) to the company, the company makes the finished ‘Kymriah’ product with the raw material and sends it back to the hospital. The hospital maximizes the effect of Kymriah by using lymphodepleting chemotherapy to reduce the white blood cell count in advance. After 4-5 weeks, the processes are all complete, and Kymriah is finally infused into the patient. “Relapsed/refractory ALL patients are very rare in Korea, however, these few young patients that are diagnosed every year are in the fight for their lives,” said Chuhl Joo Lyu, professor of pediatric Hematology-Oncology at Severance Hospital. “As in the cases seen overseas, the government, pharmaceutical company, and the medical community should work together to create an environment for these young patients to enable timely treatment with Kymriah.” Kymriah is the first CAR-T therapy and the most expensive drug in Korea up to date. The drug is indicated for adult patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and young adult and pediatric patients with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Both indications are for late-stage patients that are in relapse post-transplant or in second or later relapse after two or more lines of therapy.
- Company
- Marken establishs a cGMP cold-chain center in Korea
- by Nho, Byung Chul Aug 10, 2021 05:54am
- Image of Marken’s cold-chain logistics center that will be established near the Incheon Airport in October this year A cGMP compliant cold-chain center for the distribution of pharmaceuticals that will soon be complete in Korea is receiving attention. According to industry sources, the global biopharmaceutical·clinical trial logistics company Marken and its parent company UPS have worked together to establish a 1,000-pyeong cold chain storage and distribution center in Korea. The center will be completed in October. The importance of the cold-chain system has emerged in the process of distributing COVID-19 mRNA vaccines. Marken’s establishment of the new distribution center near the Incheon Airport is expected to contribute to the establishment of an upgraded biopharmaceutical distribution standard in Korea. An official from Marken Korea said, “To respond quickly to the surge in demand for cold-chain storage and shipping of pharmaceuticals in Korea and abroad, the company had begun construction of a GMP-compliant pharmaceutical storage and distribution center in June, which will be complete in October this year.” The Marken Cold-chain Distribution Center will be around 3305 square meters (approximately 1000 pyeong) and be equipped with various facilities suited for storage of clinical drug products, medical devices, vaccines, and biologics that require temperature control at room temperature (+15 to +8°C) or refrigeration (+2 to +8°C), freezing (15 to -25°C), and cryogenic (-80°C) storage. In addition, a liquid nitrogen (LN2) storage unit will also be prepared for the exclusive storage of cell and gene therapies. Marken has a logistics network in 17 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. With the opening of the Incheon Airport logistics center, the company will have a total of 7 GMP cold-chain drug storage facilities, 4 liquid nitrogen filling locations, and 2 clinical kit production facilities in Asia. Marken currently manages 110,000 cold-chain drug product and biological sample shipments every month in more than 220 countries around the globe. The company uses a GPS tracking system to track the route of all products in real-time and operates a 24-hour global control center that monitors and manages the tracking system. Also, the company offers differentiated and specialized services such as validation for the full course from storage, distribution to shipment of pharmaceuticals, and regulatory and compliance consulting services for each country. For more information on the storage and distribution of pharmaceuticals products in Korea and overseas, please contact info@marken.com.
- Company
- Antengen Korea's blood cancer treatment Xpovio is approved
- by Eo, Yun-Ho Aug 09, 2021 06:02am
- The Chinese pharmaceutical company Antengene’s blood cancer drug ‘Xpovio’ has entered the domestic market. According to industry sources, Antengene Korea’s first-in-class XPO1 inhibitor Xpovio (Selinexor) was approved by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) on the 29th of last month. The drug had been previously designated an Orphan Drug in Korea through a priority review process. Xpovio is a first-in-class drug that selectively inhibits the XPO1 nuclear export protein that was approved ▲ in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (rrMM) who have received at least 4 prior therapies and whose disease is refractory to at least 2 proteasome inhibitors, at least 2 immunomodulatory agents, and 1 anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody; and ▲ as a monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (rrDLBCL) who have received at least 2 prior lines of treatment. XPO1 inhibitors are expected to be used in combination with other various therapies (drugs) to improve treatment outcomes in various diseases. Currently, 5 therapies that contain Xpovio are recommended under the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN®) Guidelines. Most patients with MM eventually suffer from relapse or become refractory diseases. For Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients that failed systemic therapy, their prognosis and the chance of cure or long-term disease-free survival declines every time the condition worsens after treatment. Therefore, a dire need had existed for safer and more effective therapies to treat rrMM and rrDLBCL. Minyoung Kim, General Manager of Antengene Korea said, “I am confident that this oral selective inhibitor of nuclear export protein will improve the quality of life of patients with rrMM and rrDLBCL in South Korea, and bring renewed hope to this patient population.” Xpovio’s approval was based on the two Phase II studies - STORM and SADAL. In the STORM study, Xpovio achieved a 26% Overall response rate (ORR) and a clinical benefit rate (CBR) of 39.9% in combination with dexamethasone for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) who have received at least four prior therapies. In the SADAL study that was conducted on relapsed DLBCL patients who have received two or more prior therapies, Xpovio monotherapy demonstrated an overall response rate (ORR) of 28.3% and a complete response (CR) rate of 11.8%.
- Company
- Sales of 'Stillen' have declined in two years
- by Chon, Seung-Hyun Aug 08, 2021 06:50pm
- Sales of gastritis treatments containing Artemisia Herb as an active ingredient have decreased. Sales had increased due to reflective profits from withdrawal of Ranitidine, but fell in two years. It is analyzed that Artemisia Herb's sales have decreased as the prescription market has shrunk due to the prolonged COVID-19 outbreak and PPI drugs have replaced Ranitidine. According to UBIST, a pharmaceutical research agency on the 5th, the amount of outpatient prescriptions for gastritis treatments including Artemisia Herb in the first half of last year fell 9.3% year-on-year to ₩59 billion. It fell 9.7% from ₩65.3 billion in the second half of last year. Artemisia Herb is a natural drug containig mugwort. Dong-A ST's Stillen is the original. It is the first time in two years that the Artemisia Herb gastritis treatment market has shown a decline since the first half of 2019. Sales of Artemisia Herb rose at the end of September 2019 with the impurity crisis of Ranitidine. The prescription amount of Artemisia Herb in the second half of 2019 was ₩54.9 billion, up 30.6% from a year earlier. Artemisia Herb was not the same as Ranitidine, which is used in gastric acid, heartburn, gastric ulcers, and reflux esophagitis, but it is analyzed that it was actively prescribed. The size of Artemisia Herb's outpatient prescription market in 2019 when Ranitidine was expelled increased 17.4% from the previous year to ₩87.5 billion. The Artemisia Herb market fell every year from ₩105.5 billion in 2014 to ₩74.5 billion in 2018, but it rebounded for the first time in a while. The prescription amount of Artemisia Herb in the first half of last year was ₩65.1 billion, up 53.7% from the first half of 2019 before Ranitidine was expelled. Prescriptions for the second half of last year rose 19.1% year-on-year to ₩65.4 billion. However, sales have declined since this year. Prescription amount of PPI drugs in the first half of this year was ₩323.6 billion, up 7.3% from the previous year. Compared to a 23.4% year-on-year increase in prescriptions in the first half of last year, the rise was slightly slower. The prescription amount of H2 receptor antagonist in the first half of the year was ₩68.6 billion, up 8.7% from a year earlier. Two years after Ranitidine crisis broke out, sales of Artemisia Herb decreased, unlike PPI and H2 receptor antagonists. Major Artemisia Herb drugs also saw their prescription performance drop. The amount of prescription for Dong-A ST's Stillen 2X in the first half of the year fell 15.3% year-on-year to ₩6.2 billion. Artemisia Herb gastritis treatments has 60 mg and 90 mg. Stillen TwoX is Artemisia Herb 90mg. Daewon's Otillen F prescription amount fell 8.6% year-on-year to ₩5 billion in the first half of last year, while Jeil's Nexillen S recorded ₩3.7 billion, down 22.8% from the first half of last year.
- Company
- Celltrion's developing next-generation mRNA vaccine platform
- by Lee, Seok-Jun Aug 08, 2021 06:49pm
- Celltrion has started developing next-generation mRNA vaccine platform with TriLink Biotechnology in the U.S. According to the company on the 4th, TriLink is a contract development and manufacturing organization (CDMO) based on the mRNA platform located in San Diego, U.S. It has its own Vactor and Gen3 CleanCap, which are essential for the development of mRNA vaccines, and has the ability to provide technology transfer along with clinical materials. TriLink plans to produce and supply substances that can proceed with Phase 1 and Phase 2 clinical trials to Celltrion by utilizing its own capping technology along with verification of antigen sequences. It also provides Celltrion with a GMP production scale-capable mould vector and mRNA process technology. Celltrion is expected to develop next-generation vaccines independently that have preventive effects against various mutated viruses, including COVID, and at the same time accelerate the development of mRNA platforms using its own patented technology. Celltrion is focusing on developing the next generation COVID vaccine using various mutated virus antigens, rather than developing and commercializing vaccines using the existing COVID antigens. It is planning to produce large-scale clinical phase 3 substances by establishing mRNA process facilities along with development of vectors that avoided patents. Through the development of the mRNA platform, it is planning to expand its technical scope beyond COVID to other diseases such as anticancer.
- Company
- Pfizer seeks generation change in the ALK market
- by Aug 08, 2021 06:48pm
- ALK target treatment Xalkori and Pfizer’s LorviquaPfizer, which developed the first ALK-targeted treatment, has released a third-generation new product. A new option has emerged in the ALK targeted treatment market, where subsequent drugs were not appropriate. Third-generation drugs are also expected to compete with second-generation products as a primary treatment. Pfizer was approved by the MFDS on the 29th of last month to treat ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer. Lorviqua can be used at least once to treat patients who have been treated with conventional first-generation or second-generation treatments. The third-generation drug, Lorviqua, can be an alternative to the treatment of patients with resistance after the first-generation drugs Xalkori and the second-generation drugs Zykadia, Alecensa and Alunbrig. If Xalkori is used in the first generation, it can be used in the second generation and then in the second generation, it can be used in the second generation, and chemotherapy had to be used if secondary drugs developed resistance. G1202R is the most common type of resistant mutation that occurs after the second generation medication, and depending on the drug, F1174L (Zykadia), I1171T/N/S (Alecensa), and E1210K (Alunbrig). Lorlatinib is known to have an effect on all known resistant mutations. In the second phase of 275 previously treated patients, including the second generation ALK TKI, Lorviqua showed 47% ORR and 63% ORR in patients with brain metastasis. Lorviqua quickly became effective after taking. The time median to the first response and the time median to the first two in-reactions were 1.4 months, respectively. In the sub-analysis classified by second-generation drugs, Lorviqua maintained a consistently significant effect.The objective response rates in Alecensa, Alunbrig and Zykadia groups were 40.3%, 37.5%, and 40.4%, respectively. Attention is focusing on whether Pfizer, which has weakened its position in the ALK TKI market due to the advent of second-generation drugs, will succeed as third-generation Lorviqua. Pfizer has developed the first ALK targeted treatment called Xalkori, but sales continue to decline as second-generation drugs enter the primary treatment option. Xalkori, which had more than ₩10 billion in sales in the quarter of 2018 based on IQVIA, started to see a sharp drop in sales in 2019 due to the expansion of benefit for the second generation Alecensa and the termination of the risk-sharing contract. Annual sales fell 59% from ₩49.6 billion in 2018 to ₩20.3 billion in 2019. Last year, it also dropped 28% year-on-year to ₩14.6 billion. A three-phase CROWN study identified the primary treatment effect of Lorviqua. In this clinical trial, Lorviqua showed an improved OR (73% vs. 58%). It also reduced the risk of disease progression and death compared to Xalkori by 72%. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) added an indication in March to use Lorviqua as a primary drug. It is expected that it will soon obtain additional indications in Europe. It is also expected that Lorviqua will expand its adaptation in Korea. However, competition between second-generation drugs is expected to continue for the time being because many steps have to be passed before applying domestic benefits.
- Company
- Generic share in the Tamsulosin market has surpassed 60%
- by Kim, Jin-Gu Aug 05, 2021 08:46pm
- Harnal-DIn the Tamsulosin prostate hypertrophy treatment market worth ₩170 billion per year, Rx amount of generics increased by 10% compared to last year. During the same period, the original decreased by 10%, with generic accounting for more than 60% of the total market. According to UBIST, a pharmaceutical market research institute on the 2nd, the market size of Tamsulosin for prostate hypertrophy in the first half of last year is ₩83.7 billion. Compared to ₩82.6 billion in the first half of last year, it increased by 1%. Considering that prescriptions for prostate hypertrophy treatments are usually concentrated in the third and fourth quarters, it is expected to expand to more than ₩170 billion by the end of this year. Original Rx performance is decreasing, and generic performance is gradually increasing. The original Hannal-D by Astellas recorded ₩33 billion in prescription in the first half of this year. Compared to ₩36.6 billion in the first half of last year, it decreased by 10%. Generics increased 10% from ₩46 billion to ₩50.7 billion during the same period. Its market share is 61%. It surpassed 50% for the first time in the second half of 2019, and exceeded 60% in a year and a half. Since the expiration of the original patent in 2015, generic has joined the market in earnest. Currently, 107 companies are licensed for generics. Among them, 86 companies are competing in the market. Among generic companies, Hanmi posted ₩13.6 billion in prescription records in the first half alone with Hanmi Tams and Hanmi Tams OD. Analysts say that the release of Hanmi Tams 0.4mg and Hanmi Toms OD, which are high-capacity products in line with market demand, was significant. Genuine Science, DongKoo, Kyung Dong, and Celltrion posted more than ₩2 billion in prescriptions in the first half of the year. A variable in this market is combination formulations. Recently, pharmaceutical industries are developing a variety of combination formulations centered on Tamsulosin. GSK's Duodart was approved in May, a compound that combines Tamsulosin with another ingredient in the treatment of prostate hypertrophy. This compound is the first licensed drug in Korea. Given that there is a combination of two components in the prostate hypertrophy treatment market, attention is being paid to whether a compound including two components will reorganize the market composition. Development of a compound targeted at both prostate hypertrophy and irritable bladder is also in full swing. Ildong and Jeil are the hypersensitivity bladder therapy ingredients for Tamsulosin. Clinical treatment for a combination drugs that combines Solifenacin has been completed. DongKoo and Kyung Dong are developing a combination of Tamsulosin and Mirabegron, an irritant bladder treatment ingredient. Because there are many patients suffering from both diseases at the same time, it is explained that the possibility is sufficient. It is also developing combined drugs that targets prostate hypertrophy and erectile dysfunction at the same time. Hanmi's Gugutams (Tamsulosin+Tadalafil) was approved. Chong Kun Dang is also undergoing phase 3 of the compound clinical trial, which combines the same ingredients. Dongkuk and Yuyu are developing a compound that combines Dutasteride with Tadalafil.
- Company
- Keytruda's sales in Q1 of the year are ₩9 trillion
- by Aug 05, 2021 08:46pm
- (Top left clockwise) Yervoy, Opdivo, Keytruda, Imfinzi, and Tecentriq MSD's Keytruda (Pembrolizumab)'s global quarterly sales surpassed $4 billion for the first time, ranking first in immuno-cancer drugs. According to related industries on the 2nd, the total global performance of five Checkpoint inhibitors (Keytruda, Opdivo, Tecentriq, Imfinzi, and Yervoy) in the first half of this year was $15.558 billion, up 17.7% year-on-year. All immuno-cancer drugs, except Opdivo, recorded 20% year-on-year growth. Keytruda posted the highest sales of $8.075 billion. It is a 21% increase compared to the same period last year-on-year. Keytruda surpassed $4 billion for the first time in the second quarter of this year, recording $4.176 billion due to increased sales every quarter. Keytruda, which added six new indications, including bladder cancer, skin cancer, colorectal cancer, lymphoma, triple negative breast cancer, and solid cancer with TMB, expanded its scope to esophageal cancer and early triple negative breast cancer this year. Keytruda was the second-highest selling drug after Humira with annual sales of ₩14.4 billion last year. It is expected to beat Humira next year. BMS and Ono's Opdivo made $3.63 billion in sales. Opdivo made up for the second quarter of this year. Sales in the second quarter rose 15.5% year-on-year to $1.91 billion. However, due to stagnant sales in the first quarter, the growth rate in the first half of the year was only 6.2%. Yervoy (Ipilimumab), a CTLA-4 family used as a combination therapy with Opdivo, posted $966 million in sales, up 26.4% from the previous year. Sales of Roche's Atezolizumab and Astrazeneca's Imfinzi are also increasing. Tecentriq rose 22.7% year-on-year to $1.727 billion in the first half of the year, while Imfinzi expanded 21.6% to $1.16 billion. Keytruda, the No. 1 market share, is also growing by a similar margin. Keytruda accounts for more than half (51.9%) of the five Checkpoint inhibitors. Meanwhile, Merck-Pfizer's most recently licensed "Bavencio" still stands at $60 million to $70 million in quarterly sales, less than ₩100 billion.
